Aqs源码分析
AQS是Java中互斥锁实现的一个框架，很多Java中耳熟能详的锁类都继承了它。
先来看看acquire方法。这个方法功能是拿到互斥锁，如果现在不可行就会等待到拿到锁后才返回。
/**
* Acquires in exclusive mode, ignoring interrupts. Implemented
* by invoking at least once {@link #tryAcquire},
* returning on success. Otherwise the thread is queued, possibly
* repeatedly blocking and unblocking, invoking {@link
* #tryAcquire} until success. This method can be used
* to implement method {@link Lock#lock}.
*
* @param arg the acquire argument. This value is conveyed to
* {@link #tryAcquire} but is otherwise uninterpreted and
* can represent anything you like.
*/
public final void acquire(int arg) {
if (!tryAcquire(arg) &&
acquireQueued(addWaiter(Node.EXCLUSIVE), arg))
selfInterrupt();
}
上面的方法会尝试通过tryAcquire来拿锁，这个是个模板方法，需要子类覆盖。
/**
* Attempts to acquire in exclusive mode. This method should query
* if the state of the object permits it to be acquired in the
* exclusive mode, and if so to acquire it.
*
* <p>This method is always invoked by the thread performing
* acquire. If this method reports failure, the acquire method
* may queue the thread, if it is not already queued, until it is
* signalled by a release from some other thread. This can be used
* to implement method {@link Lock#tryLock()}.
*
* <p>The default
* implementation throws {@link UnsupportedOperationException}.
*
* @param arg the acquire argument. This value is always the one
* passed to an acquire method, or is the value saved on entry
* to a condition wait. The value is otherwise uninterpreted
* and can represent anything you like.
* @return {@code true} if successful. Upon success, this object has
* been acquired.
* @throws IllegalMonitorStateException if acquiring would place this
* synchronizer in an illegal state. This exception must be
* thrown in a consistent fashion for synchronization to work
* correctly.
* @throws UnsupportedOperationException if exclusive mode is not supported
*/
protected boolean tryAcquire(int arg) {
throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
}
来看一下addWaiter方法做了什么，这个方法会将当前线程包装成一个链表结点，并将结点加入到等待链表的尾部。
/**
* Creates and enqueues node for current thread and given mode.
*
* @param mode Node.EXCLUSIVE for exclusive, Node.SHARED for shared
* @return the new node
*/
private Node addWaiter(Node mode) {
Node node = new Node(Thread.currentThread(), mode);
// Try the fast path of enq; backup to full enq on failure
Node pred = tail;
if (pred != null) {
//优先用CAS指令来完成追加操作，如果因为并发原因失败，就使用较慢的方式
node.prev = pred;
if (compareAndSetTail(pred, node)) {
pred.next = node;
return node;
}
}
enq(node);
return node;
}
其默认用一次CAS指令来完成，如果没有成功，就一直循环尝试。
/**
* Inserts node into queue, initializing if necessary. See picture above.
* @param node the node to insert
* @return node's predecessor
*/
private Node enq(final Node node) {
for (;;) {
Node t = tail;
if (t == null) { // Must initialize
//head初始化为一个空结点
if (compareAndSetHead(new Node()))
tail = head;
} else {
node.prev = t;
if (compareAndSetTail(t, node)) {
t.next = node;
return t;
}
}
}
}
剩下的acquireQueued则是循环拿锁的逻辑。
/**
* Acquires in exclusive uninterruptible mode for thread already in
* queue. Used by condition wait methods as well as acquire.
*
* @param node the node
* @param arg the acquire argument
* @return {@code true} if interrupted while waiting
*/
final boolean acquireQueued(final Node node, int arg) {
boolean failed = true;
try {
boolean interrupted = false;
for (;;) {
//这里只有链表头后一个顶点才能竞争锁，就能减少实际对锁的竞争
final Node p = node.predecessor();
//假如自己有竞争的资格就去拿锁
if (p == head && tryAcquire(arg)) {
setHead(node);
p.next = null; // help GC
failed = false;
return interrupted;
}
//拿锁失败后阻塞一段时间
if (shouldParkAfterFailedAcquire(p, node) &&
parkAndCheckInterrupt())
interrupted = true;
}
} finally {
if (failed)
cancelAcquire(node);
}
}
具体会不会阻塞，取决于shouldParkAfterFailedAcquire的返回值。
/**
* Checks and updates status for a node that failed to acquire.
* Returns true if thread should block. This is the main signal
* control in all acquire loops. Requires that pred == node.prev.
*
* @param pred node's predecessor holding status
* @param node the node
* @return {@code true} if thread should block
*/
private static boolean shouldParkAfterFailedAcquire(Node pred, Node node) {
int ws = pred.waitStatus;
if (ws == Node.SIGNAL)
/*
* This node has already set status asking a release
* to signal it, so it can safely park.
*/
return true;
if (ws > 0) {
//若前置结点因为超时等原因被取消了，需要修正自己的prev指针
/*
* Predecessor was cancelled. Skip over predecessors and
* indicate retry.
*/
do {
node.prev = pred = pred.prev;
} while (pred.waitStatus > 0);
pred.next = node;
} else {
/*
* waitStatus must be 0 or PROPAGATE. Indicate that we
* need a signal, but don't park yet. Caller will need to
* retry to make sure it cannot acquire before parking.
*/
compareAndSetWaitStatus(pred, ws, Node.SIGNAL);
}
//如果不是signal状态，就先不阻塞
return false;
}
下面的方法则是阻塞的实现，阻塞直到收到打断信息。
/**
* Convenience method to park and then check if interrupted
*
* @return {@code true} if interrupted
*/
private final boolean parkAndCheckInterrupt() {
LockSupport.park(this);
//返回值是是否收到中断信号
return Thread.interrupted();
}
下面是LockSupport#park方法的实现：
/**
* Disables the current thread for thread scheduling purposes unless the
* permit is available.
*
* <p>If the permit is available then it is consumed and the call returns
* immediately; otherwise
* the current thread becomes disabled for thread scheduling
* purposes and lies dormant until one of three things happens:
*
* <ul>
* <li>Some other thread invokes {@link #unpark unpark} with the
* current thread as the target; or
*
* <li>Some other thread {@linkplain Thread#interrupt interrupts}
* the current thread; or
*
* <li>The call spuriously (that is, for no reason) returns.
* </ul>
*
* <p>This method does <em>not</em> report which of these caused the
* method to return. Callers should re-check the conditions which caused
* the thread to park in the first place. Callers may also determine,
* for example, the interrupt status of the thread upon return.
*
* @param blocker the synchronization object responsible for this
* thread parking
* @since 1.6
*/
public static void park(Object blocker) {
Thread t = Thread.currentThread();
//在这个场景中blocker就是锁对象
setBlocker(t, blocker);
UNSAFE.park(false, 0L);
setBlocker(t, null);
}
其中UNSAFE的park方法是native方法，我们需要追踪JDK源码。
UNSAFE_ENTRY(void, Unsafe_Park(JNIEnv *env, jobject unsafe, jboolean isAbsolute, jlong time)) {
HOTSPOT_THREAD_PARK_BEGIN((uintptr_t) thread->parker(), (int) isAbsolute, time);
EventThreadPark event;
JavaThreadParkedState jtps(thread, time != 0);
thread->parker()->park(isAbsolute != 0, time);
if (event.should_commit()) {
const oop obj = thread->current_park_blocker();
if (time == 0) {
post_thread_park_event(&event, obj, min_jlong, min_jlong);
} else {
if (isAbsolute != 0) {
post_thread_park_event(&event, obj, min_jlong, time);
} else {
post_thread_park_event(&event, obj, time, min_jlong);
}
}
}
HOTSPOT_THREAD_PARK_END((uintptr_t) thread->parker());
} UNSAFE_END
好的，抱歉，看不懂，我们继续读下面的代码好了。
下面来了解一下允许中断的情况的版本。
/**
* Acquires in exclusive mode, aborting if interrupted.
* Implemented by first checking interrupt status, then invoking
* at least once {@link #tryAcquire}, returning on
* success. Otherwise the thread is queued, possibly repeatedly
* blocking and unblocking, invoking {@link #tryAcquire}
* until success or the thread is interrupted. This method can be
* used to implement method {@link Lock#lockInterruptibly}.
*
* @param arg the acquire argument. This value is conveyed to
* {@link #tryAcquire} but is otherwise uninterpreted and
* can represent anything you like.
* @throws InterruptedException if the current thread is interrupted
*/
public final void acquireInterruptibly(int arg)
throws InterruptedException {
if (Thread.interrupted())
throw new InterruptedException();
if (!tryAcquire(arg))
doAcquireInterruptibly(arg);
}
在实际阻塞过程中一旦检测到中断后，就会通过异常退出。
/**
* Acquires in exclusive interruptible mode.
* @param arg the acquire argument
*/
private void doAcquireInterruptibly(int arg)
throws InterruptedException {
final Node node = addWaiter(Node.EXCLUSIVE);
boolean failed = true;
try {
for (;;) {
final Node p = node.predecessor();
if (p == head && tryAcquire(arg)) {
setHead(node);
p.next = null; // help GC
failed = false;
return;
}
if (shouldParkAfterFailedAcquire(p, node) &&
parkAndCheckInterrupt())
throw new InterruptedException();
}
} finally {
if (failed)
cancelAcquire(node);
}
}
接下来来了解一下带超时时间的版本。
/**
* Attempts to acquire in exclusive mode, aborting if interrupted,
* and failing if the given timeout elapses. Implemented by first
* checking interrupt status, then invoking at least once {@link
* #tryAcquire}, returning on success. Otherwise, the thread is
* queued, possibly repeatedly blocking and unblocking, invoking
* {@link #tryAcquire} until success or the thread is interrupted
* or the timeout elapses. This method can be used to implement
* method {@link Lock#tryLock(long, TimeUnit)}.
*
* @param arg the acquire argument. This value is conveyed to
* {@link #tryAcquire} but is otherwise uninterpreted and
* can represent anything you like.
* @param nanosTimeout the maximum number of nanoseconds to wait
* @return {@code true} if acquired; {@code false} if timed out
* @throws InterruptedException if the current thread is interrupted
*/
public final boolean tryAcquireNanos(int arg, long nanosTimeout)
throws InterruptedException {
if (Thread.interrupted())
throw new InterruptedException();
return tryAcquire(arg) ||
doAcquireNanos(arg, nanosTimeout);
}
/**
* Acquires in exclusive timed mode.
*
* @param arg the acquire argument
* @param nanosTimeout max wait time
* @return {@code true} if acquired
*/
private boolean doAcquireNanos(int arg, long nanosTimeout)
throws InterruptedException {
if (nanosTimeout <= 0L)
return false;
final long deadline = System.nanoTime() + nanosTimeout;
final Node node = addWaiter(Node.EXCLUSIVE);
boolean failed = true;
try {
for (;;) {
final Node p = node.predecessor();
if (p == head && tryAcquire(arg)) {
setHead(node);
p.next = null; // help GC
failed = false;
return true;
}
nanosTimeout = deadline - System.nanoTime();
if (nanosTimeout <= 0L)
//超时了
return false;
if (shouldParkAfterFailedAcquire(p, node) &&
nanosTimeout > spinForTimeoutThreshold)
//睡一会
LockSupport.parkNanos(this, nanosTimeout);
if (Thread.interrupted())
throw new InterruptedException();
}
} finally {
if (failed)
cancelAcquire(node);
}
}
之前拿的都是互斥锁，下面展示的是拿共享锁的版本。
/**
* Acquires in shared mode, ignoring interrupts. Implemented by
* first invoking at least once {@link #tryAcquireShared},
* returning on success. Otherwise the thread is queued, possibly
* repeatedly blocking and unblocking, invoking {@link
* #tryAcquireShared} until success.
*
* @param arg the acquire argument. This value is conveyed to
* {@link #tryAcquireShared} but is otherwise uninterpreted
* and can represent anything you like.
*/
public final void acquireShared(int arg) {
if (tryAcquireShared(arg) < 0)
doAcquireShared(arg);
}
/**
* Acquires in shared uninterruptible mode.
* @param arg the acquire argument
*/
private void doAcquireShared(int arg) {
final Node node = addWaiter(Node.SHARED);
boolean failed = true;
try {
boolean interrupted = false;
for (;;) {
final Node p = node.predecessor();
if (p == head) {
int r = tryAcquireShared(arg);
if (r >= 0) {
setHeadAndPropagate(node, r);
p.next = null; // help GC
if (interrupted)
selfInterrupt();
failed = false;
return;
}
}
if (shouldParkAfterFailedAcquire(p, node) &&
parkAndCheckInterrupt())
interrupted = true;
}
} finally {
if (failed)
cancelAcquire(node);
}
}
感觉都没啥区别。除了不可中断的版本外，其余的版本在失败的情况下都会调用cancelAcquire这个方法。看不太懂就不扯了。
// Utilities for various versions of acquire
/**
* Cancels an ongoing attempt to acquire.
*
* @param node the node
*/
private void cancelAcquire(Node node) {
// Ignore if node doesn't exist
if (node == null)
return;
node.thread = null;
// Skip cancelled predecessors
Node pred = node.prev;
while (pred.waitStatus > 0)
node.prev = pred = pred.prev;
// predNext is the apparent node to unsplice. CASes below will
// fail if not, in which case, we lost race vs another cancel
// or signal, so no further action is necessary.
Node predNext = pred.next;
// Can use unconditional write instead of CAS here.
// After this atomic step, other Nodes can skip past us.
// Before, we are free of interference from other threads.
node.waitStatus = Node.CANCELLED;
// If we are the tail, remove ourselves.
if (node == tail && compareAndSetTail(node, pred)) {
compareAndSetNext(pred, predNext, null);
} else {
// If successor needs signal, try to set pred's next-link
// so it will get one. Otherwise wake it up to propagate.
int ws;
if (pred != head &&
((ws = pred.waitStatus) == Node.SIGNAL ||
(ws <= 0 && compareAndSetWaitStatus(pred, ws, Node.SIGNAL))) &&
pred.thread != null) {
Node next = node.next;
if (next != null && next.waitStatus <= 0)
compareAndSetNext(pred, predNext, next);
} else {
unparkSuccessor(node);
}
node.next = node; // help GC
}
}